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福州启航家教:过去完成时用法总结


来源:福州家教 日期:2018/3/19

1) 概念:表示过去的过去,其构成是had +过去分词构成。 

2) 用法

     a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:

      She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

     b. 状语从句

      在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:

      When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。

     c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:

      We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。

3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:

       He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。

       By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。

       Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。

 用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:

    When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。

    My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。

2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:

    When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:

    Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

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